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+++RESERVE COLLECTION AT THE RCBC LIBRARY CIRC DESK+++
Part 1: The sectional conflict. The North and South contrasted. Aleksandr Borisovich Lakier, The rush of life in New York City (1857) ; Anonymous, The manufacturing city of Lowell(1847) ; William Lloyd Garrison, I will be heard (1831) ; Declaration of sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery Convention (1833) ; Frederick Law Olmsted, The South's lack of a spirit of progress (1861) ; Louis T. Wigfall, We are an agricultural people (1861) ; Hinton Rowan Helper, Slavery impedes the progress and prosperity of the South (1857) ; J.D.B. De Bow, Why non-slaveholders should support slavery (1861) ; Anonymous, A traveler describes the lives of non-slaveholders in Georgia (1849) ; William Harper, Slavery is the cause of civilization (1838) ; Solomon Northup, The New Orleans slave mart (1853) ; Frederick Douglass fights a slave-breaker (1845) -- The house dividing. David Wilmot, I plead the cause of White Freemen (1847) ; Howell Cobb, The South is at your mercy (1847) ; John C. Calhoun, The cords of union are snapping one by one (1850) ; Daniel Webster, I speak today for the preservation of the union (1850) ; Appeal of the Independent Democrats (1854) ; New York Times, The causes of the Know-Nothing Movement (1854) ; Mobile Register, The South asks only for equal rights in the territories (1856) ; New York Evening Post, Are we too slaves? (1856) ; Richmond Enquirer, They must be lashed into submission (1856) ; Chief Justice Roger B. Taney rules against Dred Scott (1857) ; Associate Justice Benjamin R. Curtis dissents in the Dred Scott Case (1857) ; James Henry Hammond, Cotton is king (1858) ; The Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858) ; The Freeport Doctrine (1858) ; John Brown addresses the Court (1859) ; Richmond Enquirer, The Harpers Ferry invasion has advanced the cause of disunion (1859) ; Charles Eliot Norton, I have seen nothing like the intensity of feeling (1859) -- The road to war. Robert Toombs, The South must strike while there is yet time (1860) ; Alexander H. Stephens, Lincoln's election does not justify secession (1860) ; South Carolina justifies secession (1860) ; Abraham Lincoln, I hold that the Union is perpetual (1861) ; George Templeton Strong, The outbreak of war galvanizes New York City (1861) ; William Howard Russell, The popular mood in Charleston at the start of the Civil War (1861).
Part 2: The Civil War. The war begins. Alexander H. Stephens, Slavery is the cornerstone of the Confederacy (1861) ; Jefferson Davis, Our cause is just (1861) ; Abraham Lincoln, This is a people's contest (1861) ; The resources of the Union and the Confederacy (1861); Abraham Lincoln calls for troops (1861) ; Abraham Lincoln institutes a blockade of the Confederacy (1861) ; Kentucky declares its neutrality (1861) ; John B. Gordon, The Raccoon roughs go to war (1903) ; The London Times foresees a Confederate victory in the war (1861) -- The military struggle, 1861-1862. Winfield Scott, The Anaconda Plan (1861) ; Lyman Trumbull, The most shameful rout you can conceive of (1861) ; George McClellan, I have become the power in the land (1861) ; George McClellan, The president is nothing more than a well meaning baboon (1861) ; Abraham Lincoln explains his ideas on military strategy (1862) ; Cyrus F. Boyd, An Iowa soldier "sees the elephant" at Shiloh (1862) ; Ulysses S. Grant, I gave up all idea of saving the Union except by complete conquest (1885) ; Abraham Lincoln, But you must act (1862) ; George McClellan, You have done your best to sacrifice this Army (1862) ; George McClellan, The war should be conducted upon the highest principles of Christian civilization (1862) ; John Pope adopts harsher policies against Southern civilians (1862) ; Abraham Lincoln authorizes the Army to seize private property in the Confederacy (1862) ; Robert E. Lee proposes to invade the North (1862) ; General Edward Alexander criticizes Lee at Antietam (1899) ; Rufus R. Dawes, The most dreadful slaughter (1890) ; Harper's Weekly, Northern despair after the Battle of Fredericksburg (1862) -- The naval war. G.J. Van Burnt, The Monitor challenges the Merrimack (1862) ; Horatio Wait, The United States Navy blockades the Confederacy (1898) ; Thomas Taylor, Aboard a blockade-runner (1896) -- Union politics, 1861-1862. Benjamin F. Butler encounters the contrabands (1892) ; The Crittenden Resolution defines Union war aims (1861) ; Frederick Douglass, Cast off the mill-stone (1861) ; Abraham Lincoln, To lose Kentucky is to lose the whole game (1861) ; Samuel S. Cox, A Democratic Congressman attacks emancipation (1862) ; John Sherman, Support for emancipation is increasing (1862) ; Abraham Lincoln, I would save the Union (1862) ; Harper's Weekly gauges the Northern response to emancipation (1862) ; New York Times, The 1862 elections are a repudiation of the administration's conduct of the war (1862) ; Abraham Lincoln replies to a Republican critic after the 1862 elections (1862) -- Confederate politics, 1861-1863. Governor Joseph Brown obstructs conscription in Georgia (1862) ; The Twenty Negro Law (1862) ; A Georgia soldier condemns the exemption of slaveholders (1862) ; An Atlanta paper defends the exemption of slaveholders (1862) ; Jefferson Davis defends his policies (1862) ; Richmond Examiner, A Richmond paper calls for a tax-in-kind (1863) ; Edward Pollard, A Richmond editor denounces Davis's leadership (1869) -- Diplomacy. Anonymous, Southerners' faith in King Cotton diplomacy (1861) ; Charles Francis Adams, The Trent Affair has almost wrecked us (1862) ; Jefferson Davis complains of Europe's refusal to recognize the Confederacy (1863) ; Charles Francis Adams, This is war (1863).
The military struggle, 1863. Abraham Lincoln counsels General Joseph Hooker (1863) ; Henry Halleck, The character of the war has very much changed (1863) ; Robert E. Lee proposes to take the offensive (1863) ; Rachel Cormany, A Pennsylvania woman encounters Lee's Army (1863) ; John Dooley, A Virginia soldier survives Pickett's charge (1863) ; Benjamin Hirst, A Connecticut soldier helps repel Pickett's charge (1863) ; Anonymous, Daily life during the Siege of Vicksburg (1863) ; Alexander S. Abrams, The conduct of the Negroes was beyond all expression (1863) ; Josiah Gorgas, The Confederacy totters to its destruction (1863) -- Union politics, 1863. Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) ; Northern newspapers debate the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) ; Harper's Weekly, The work done by Congress (1863) ; Clement Vallandigham, One of the worst despotisms on Earth (1863) ; Abraham Lincoln, I think I shall be blamed for having made too few arrests (1863) ; Abraham Lincoln, The heaviest blow yet dealt to the Rebellion (1863) ; Abraham Lincoln, A new birth of freedom (1863) -- The Union home front. Conscription in the Union (1866) ; The New York press debates the causes of the Draft Riots (1863) ; George Templeton Strong, Jefferson Davis rules New York today (1863) ; J.W.C. Pennington, This country also belongs to us (1863) ; Anonymous, A rioter condemns the $300 commutation fee (1863) ; The New York Evening Post defends the $300 commutation fee (1863) ; Cornelia Hancock, A Union nurse at Gettysburg (1863) ; Harper's Monthly, The fortunes of war (1864) ; Fincher's Trade Review, Working women protest their low wages (1865) ; Harper's Monthly, Wall Street in wartime (1865) -- The Confederate home front. Montgomery Advertiser, Slavery is a tower of strength to the South (1861) ; Samuel L. Holt, Slave owners ought to bear the principal burden of the war (1863) ; "Agnes," A resident observes the Richmond Bread Riot (1863) ; John B. Jones, This is war, terrible war (1862-1864) ; Phoebe Yates Pember becomes a hospital matron (1879) ; Sally Putnam, Southern women enter the government bureaucracy (1867) ; Gideon J. Pillow, A Confederate general reports on widespread resistance to conscription (1863) ; Daniel O'Leary, The war corrodes female virtue (1863) ; Theodore Lyman, A Union officer marvels at the endurance of the Southern people (1864) ; Ella Gertrude Thomas, Until adversity tries us (1861-1865) ; Mary Chesnut, Is anything worth it? (1862-1865) ; Mary Cooper, Dear Edward (1906) ; Judith McGuire, The revulsion was sickening (1865).
African Americans. John Boston, An escaped slave writes his wife from a Union camp (1862) ; Frederick Douglass urges Black men to enlist (1863) ; Hannah Johnson, A mother calls on the government to protect Black soldiers (1863) ; Lorenzo Thomas, A Union general describes slaves entering the Union lines (1863) ; Susanna Clay, The Negroes are worse than free (1863) ; Isaiah H. Welch, A Black soldier explains his motives for fighting (1863) ; New York Times, A prodigious revolution (1864) ; Anonymous, A Black soldier protests unequal pay (1864) ; Spotswood Rice, A Black soldier writes his daughter's owner (1864) ; Rachel Ann Wicker, The hardship of Black soldier's families (1864) ; Mittie Freeman meets a Yankee (1937) ; Former slaves recall the end of slavery (1937) ; Eliza Evans, The slave Eliza acquires a new name (1937) -- Common soldiers. Randolph Shotwell, The comforts of a soldier's life (1929) ; Wilbur Fisk, Hard marching (1863) ; Samuel E. Burges, A South Carolina soldier confronts his Captain (1862) ; Tally Simpson, Trading with the enemy (1863) ; Chauncey H. Cooke, Fraternization among soldiers of the two armies (1864) ; T.J. Stokes, Religious revivals in the Confederate Army (1864) ; John A. Potter, Antiblack prejudice in the Union ranks (1897) ; Chauncey Welton, A Union soldier's changing views on emancipation (1863-1865) ; Reuben A. Pierson, A Louisiana soldier links slavery and race to the cause of the Confederacy (1862-1864) ; T.D. Kingsley, A wounded soldier describes a field hospital (1863) ; William Fisher Plane, The scourge of war (1862).
The military struggle, 1864. Ulysses S. Grant devises a new Union strategy (1885) ; Horace Porter, A Union officer depicts the fury of the fighting at Spotsylvania (1897) ; Robert E. Lee, Our numbers are daily decreasing (1864) ; Robert Stiles, A Confederate soldier describes the pressure of fighting in the trenches (1903) ; William Tecumseh Sherman, War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it (1864) ; William Tecumseh Sherman proposes to march to the sea (1864) ; James Connolly, An Illinois soldier marches with Sherman to the sea and beyond (1864-1865) ; Dolly Lunt Burge, The heavens were lit with flames (1864) -- Union politics, 1865. The New York Times is amazed by the change in public opinion on slavery (1864) ; Party platforms in 1864 ; Abraham Lincoln, Events have controlled me (1864) ; Horace Greeley, Our bleeding country longs for peace (1864) ; Abraham Lincoln outlines his terms for peace (1864) ; Henry J. Raymond, The tide is setting strongly against us (1864) ; Illinois State Register, A negotiated peace with the Confederacy is possible (1864) ; New York Tribune, An armistice would lead to a Southern victory (1864) ; The Republican and Democratic parties' final appeal to the voters (1864) ; J.N. Jones, A Democratic soldier votes for Lincoln (1891) ; Abraham Lincoln, The election was a necessity (1864) ; Chicago Tribune, Lincoln's election is a mandate to abolish slavery (1864) ; Abraham Lincoln hails the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment (1865) -- Confederate politics, 1864-1865. Josiah Gorgas notes the achievements of the Confederate Ordance Bureau (1864) ; Alexander H. Stephens, Once lost, liberty is lost forever (1864) ; Richmond Examiner, We are fighting for independence, not slavery (1864) ; Richmond Examiner, We prefer the law (1864) ; Charleston Mercury, We want no Confederacy without slavery (1865) ; Richmond Enquirer, Slavery and the cause of the Confederacy (1865) ; Howell Cobb, Opposition and disloyalty are increasing daily (1865) -- The end of the war. Judith McGuire, A bleak Confederate Christmas (1864) ; Catherine Edmondston reflects on the situation of the Confederacy (1865) ; George Ward Nichols, Southerners have lost the will to resist (1865) ; Luther Mills, Desertion now is not dishonorable (1865) ; Abraham Lincoln, With malice toward none (1865) ; Mary A. Fontaine, Bitter tears came in a torrent (1865) ; A.W. Bartlett, Richmond's Black residents welcome Abraham Lincoln (1897) ; Joshua L. Chamberlain, An awed stillness (1915) ; Gideon Welles describes Lincoln's death (1865) ; Edmund Ruffin fires the last shot of the Civil War (1865) ; Samuel T. Foster, A Confederate soldier reflects on the war's cost and significance (1865) ; Kate Cumming, A Confederate nurse discusses the internal causes of the Confederacy's defeat (1865) ; Robert Garlick Kean, A Confederate official analyzes the causes of the defeat of the Confederacy (1957) ; Sarah Hine, We have no future (1866) ; George Templeton Strong, We have lived a century of common life (1865) ; New York Times, The war touches everything (1867).
Part 3: Reconstruction. Presidential reconstruction. Abraham Lincoln vetoes the Wade-Davis Bill (1864) ; Benjamin F. Wade and Henry Winter Davis, The Wade-Davis Manifesto (1864) ; Abraham Lincoln, We shall have the fowl sooner by hatching than smashing the egg (1865) ; Ulysses S. Grant affirms the loyalty of Southern Whites (1865) ; Carl Schurz questions Southern Whites' loyalty (1865) ; The Mississippi Black Codes (1865) ; Andrew Johnson, The radicals will be completely foiled (1865) ; Virginia Blacks petition for suffrage (1865) ; Andrew Johnson reports on the success of his program of Reconstruction (1865) -- Johnson's clash with Congress. Thaddeus Stevens designates the Southern States as conquered provinces (1865) ; Andrew Johnson says Black suffrage will lead to race war in the South (1866) ; The Joint Committee Reports on the status of the former States of the Confederacy (1866) ; Andrew Johnson vetoes the Civil Rights Bill (1866) ; The Chicago Tribune blames Johnson for the New Orleans Riot (1866) ; Oliver P. Morton waves the bloody shirt (1866) ; Andrew Johnson, I am fighting traitors in the North (1866) ; New York Times, The people's verdict (1866) -- Congressional reconstruction. Thaddeus Stevens's Land Confiscation Bill (1867) ; Andrew Johnson accuses Congress of seeking to Africanize the South (1867) ; The Articles of Impeachment (1868) ; William Evarts defends Johnson in the Impeachment Trial (1868) ; Elizabeth Cady Stanton appeals for universal suffrage (1869) ; James T. Rapier, A Black Congressman complains about unequal treatment (1874) ; Richard Cain, Equal rights and social equality (1874) -- Political reconstruction in the South. Alabama Blacks voice their aspirations for equality (1867) ; South Carolina Democrats protest against the new state Constitution (1868) ; R.I. Cromwell, An African American leader instructs new Black voters (1867) ; Henry Clay Warmoth, Who is responsible for corruption? (1870) ; Alexander White, A defense of carpetbaggers (1875).
Economic and social reconstruction. A.B. Randall, Former slaves are anxious to record their marriages (1865) ; Sidney Andrews, Southern Whites have no faith in Black Free Labor (1866) ; N.B. Lucas, Freedpeople complain about their former owners' attempts to cheat them (1865) ; Jourdon Anderson, A Freedman writes his former master (1865) ; John W. DeForest, The tribulations of a Freedmen's Bureau agent (1868) ; New Orleans Tribune, They are the planter's guards (1867) ; Henry Adams, The contested meaning of freedom (1880) ; Henry Adams, Planters insist that Black women work in the fields (1880) ; Mariah Baldwin and Ellen Latimer, Two Black workers settle accounts at the end of the year (1867) ; New Orleans Tribune, A Black newspaper calls for integrated schools in New Orleans (1867) ; A sharecropping contract (1886) -- Opposition and northern disillusionment. Ulysses S. Grant signals a retreat from Reconstruction (1874) ; James S. Pike, Society turned bottom-side up (1874) ; The Nation, This is socialism (1874) ; South Carolina Black leaders defend the state government's fiscal record (1874) ; Ulysses S. Grant vetoes the Currency Act (1874) ; James G. Blaine, The Blaine Amendment (1875) ; Edwards Pierrepont, The public is tired of these outbreaks in the South (1875) ; James W. Lee, The Mississippi Plan in action (1876) ; Margaret Ann Caldwell, The assassination of an African American political leader (1876) ; James Lusk, A Southern White leader abandons the Republican Party (1913) -- The end of Reconstruction. Rutherford B. Hayes outlines his Southern policy (1877) ; Governor Daniel Chamberlain surrenders the Southern Carolina governorship (1877) ; Frederick Douglass assesses the mistakes of Reconstruction (1880) -- Appendix: 1. United States Constitution ; 2. Confederate constituition.
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