1. Models of women and work. The politics of knowledge building -- The functionalist paradigm : Model 1, the employed woman as invisible ; Model 2, the employed woman as a social problem mode ; Model 3, male work experience is the norm ; Model 4, socialization and "ladies choice" ; Model 5, superwoman -- An alternative perspective: the structural approach -- 2. A brief history of working women. Women workers in pre-industrial America : White women ; Women of color ; Native American women -- The arrival of industrialization : the legacy of slavery -- World War I and the depression -- World War II -- After World War II: the rise of the married woman worker -- Women of color : Other women of color at work -- The status quo: no Shangri-La -- 3. Gender inequality: economic and legal explanations. Sex segregation of occupations : The glass ceiling -- The growing importance of the female/male earnings gap -- Explaining occupational segregation and inequality -- The economic context: the individual approach : Sex-role socialization and women's "choices" ; Human capital theory ; Limitations of the individual approach -- The economic context: the structural approach : Dual labor markets ; Discriminatory practices -- The legal context : A short history: the colonial period ; Women, the factory system, and protective legislation ; Domestic-relations laws and other legislation ; Other recent legislation: sex discrimination and equal opportunity -- The women's movement -- 4. Gender inequality and socialization: The influences of family, school, peers, and the media. Gender roles: products of biology or socialization? : The family ; The educational system : Peer groups : The media -- Consequences of gender socialization for career choices -- Racial, ethnic, and class variations in gender socialization : Women of color ; Social class -- 5. Women in everyday jobs: clerical, sales, service, and blue-collar work. Women in clerical occupations : The feminization of clerical work: a historical examination ; Clerical work as "female" labor ; Sexual harassment and clerical work ; The clerical worker and technological advancement ; Organization of clerical workers -- Sales and service occupations : Women in waitressing ; Women in retail sales ; Sales and service outlook -- Domestic service -- Women in blue-collar work : Globalization of factory work -- Where do we go from here? -- 6. Professional and managerial women. A brief history of the feminization of selected semi-professions: teaching, nursing, and social work -- A short history of women in management -- Contemporary status of women in professions and management : Ghettoization and job segregation -- Structural barriers to women in the professions and management : Organizational culture, policies, and practices -- 7. Working women and their families. Impact of industrialization and capitalism on housework -- Women's double day -- Men's resistance to housework -- Women's coping strategies/individualistic resolutions -- Structural solutions -- Where do we go from here? -- 8. Changing the lives of working women. The women's movement -- Backlash -- Attitudes toward working women.
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